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West New Guinea dispute
The West New Guinea dispute (1950–1962), also known as the West Irian dispute, was a diplomatic and political conflict between the Netherlands and Indonesia over the territory of Netherlands New Guinea. While the Netherlands had ceded sovereignty to Indonesia on 27 December 1949 following an independence struggle, the Indonesian government had always claimed the Dutch-controlled half of New Guinea on the basis that it had belonged to the Netherlands East Indies and that the new Republic of Indonesia was the legitimate successor to the former Dutch colony.〔Bob Catley and Vinsensio Dugis, ''The Garuda and The Kangaroo'', pp.20–21.〕 During the first phase of the West Irian dispute (1950–1954), Indonesia pursued bilateral negotiations with the Netherlands. During the second phase (1954–1958), Indonesia attempted to raise support for its territorial claims in the United Nations General Assembly.〔Soedjati Djiwandono, ''Konfrontasi Revisited'', pp.1–2〕
During the third phase (1960–1962), Indonesia pursued a policy of Confrontation against the Netherlands which combined diplomatic, political, and economic pressure with limited military force.〔 The final stage of the Indonesian Confrontation also involved a planned military invasion of the territory. The Indonesians also secured military weapons and political support from the Soviet Union, which induced the United States to intervene in the conflict as a third-party mediator between Indonesia and the Netherlands.〔Soedjati Djiwandono, ''Konfrontasi Revisited'', pp.122–35.〕 Following the New York Agreement on 15 August 1962, the Netherlands, under American pressure, handed West New Guinea over to a United Nations Temporary Executive Authority, which subsequently handed the territory over to Indonesia in 1 May 1963.〔Wies Platje, "Dutch SIGINT and the Conflict with Indonesia," pp. 302–08〕 Following a controversial plebiscite in 1969, West New Guinea was formally integrated into Indonesia.〔Ron Crocombe, ''Asia in the Pacific Islands'', p.284.〕
==Historical background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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